Atkinson and Shiffrin's Multi-Store Model
Short-Term Memory (STM)
• Capacity of 7 ± 2 items (Miller)
• Duration of 30 seconds (Peterson and Peterson)
• Encodes acoustically (Conrad)
Information can be forgotten if...
- There is too much information
- Information is displaced
- Information is rehearsed and transferred to LTM
- Information been in store longer than 30 seconds
Long-Term Memory (LTM)
• Capacity is unlimited
• Duration is 2 hours to 100 years (Bahrick et al)
• Encodes semantically (Baddeley)
Information can be forgotten due to...
- Interference
- Decay
Evaluation
+ The notion that there are at least two qualitatively different kinds of memory storage is supported by empirical evidence.
+ Provides a systematic account of structures and processes involved in memory.
+ Evidence to support rehearsal.
+ Glanzer and Cunitz support the different stores.
+ Peterson and Peterson supports rehearsal for conversion of storages.
+ Conrad supports information encoded acoustically.
- Model assumes STM and LTM are unitary stores.
- Cannot account for individuals remembering more than others.
- Information seen as flowing in one direction meaning there is no interaction between stores.
- Model is too simplistic.
- Over-emphasises capacity.
- Bahrick refutes model, suggesting rehearsal is not needed.
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