Procedure
- Participants prevented from rehearsing words sub vocally by being asked to repeat an irrelevant sound.
Findings
- Word-length effect disappeared (short words were not recalled any better than long words).
- Articulatory suppression fills phonological loop and removes advantage of rehearsal.
- Some words recalled - central executive possibly takes over the recall task.
Supports the existence of the phonological loop.
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Baddeley et al (1973)
Procedure
- Gave participants a tracking task that involved holding a pointer in contact with a moving spot.
- Simultaneously, participants had to perform an imagery task.
- Asked to imagine block capital letter and asked to identify each angle as a yes if it included the top line of the letter and no if it didn't.
Findings
- Participants found it very difficult to track spot of light and carry out tracking task as well as a verbal task.
The tasks were competing for the limited resources of the visuo-spatial-sketchpad, whereas tracking task and verbal task made use of separate components of visuo-spatial-sketchpad and phonological loop.
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KF - Case Study
Findings
- Showed that STM works independently of LTM.
- KF had no problems with LT learning but had issues with immediate memory.
- ST forgetting of auditory information was greater than visual stimuli and auditory problems were limited in respect of verbal material but not meaningful sound.
- Brain damage was restricted to phonological loop.
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