Separation - To be physically set apart from something. In terms of attachment, to be physically apart from the caregiver. There is often an interchangeable use of the words 'separation' and 'deprivation'.
Bowlby's PDD Model - Short & long term effects of separation
P - PROTEST: child cries and protests angrily
D -DESPAIR: appears calmer but still upset. Refuses attempts to be comforted
D -DETACHMENT: child engages with others. Likely to reject caregiver upon reunion
Long-term effects include:
1) separation anxiety
2) extreme clinginess
3) detachment
4) demanding of attachment figure
Bowlby's Maternal Deprivation Hypothesis
If an infant was unable to develop a warm, intimate and continuous relationship with his mother (or permanent mother substitute) then the child would have difficulty forming relationships with other people and may be at risk of behavioural disorders.
- Focus on continuous relationship
- Development must occur during critical period (2 1/2 years)
- Didn't suggest relationship must be with mother
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